Operating Systems

Linux

Linux is the core, open-source kernel that manages the computer's resources. It is just the kernel. A full operating system needs many other components, like system tools and applications. It is highly customizable but requires more technical knowledge to set up and use as a full operating system.

Linux Distributions

  • Ubuntu is a beginner-friendly, complete operating system built on the Linux kernel. It includes the Linux kernel, GNU tools, a desktop environment, and a wide range of pre-installed software. It was designed for ease of use, with a more consistent user experience out-of-the-box.
  • Debian a complete, free, open-source operating system. It is a specific, stable, and reliable Linux distribution known for its role in the open-source world.

System Binaries 

cd /sbin
cd /usr/sbin

System binaries are intended for use by the root or system administrator.

User Binaries

User binaries are executable files, often referred to as program files, that are available for all users on a system to run.

Essential User Binaries 

cd /bin

Essential command binaries needed for the system to boot and run in single-user mode. Commands in. /bin are used by both administrators and users.

Non-Essential User Binaries 

cd /usr/bin

Contains most user command binaries that are not essential for system booting or single-user mode. Used when the system is fully operational and all filesystems are mounted. Much larger and includes applications and utilities for general use.